... hear back from upstream that your fix, developed against version X (that you pinned and use), does not apply to HEAD. Pull HEAD and realize there have been

... hear back from upstream that your fix, developed against version X (that you pinned and use), does not apply to HEAD. Pull HEAD and realize there have been major changes which conflict with your platform, use case, or any number of your other dependencies. Sometimes you can get away with just depending, and that’s nice, but other times there are strong reasons to embed. At that point, you own the code, and can actually do the things you need to do. (Of course, it follows that you own the code - and need to then actually do the things you need to do.) Both approaches have their advantages, and both have potential for technical debt. Which approach offers the most advantage for the least debt will depend on the individual circumstance; I don’t feel that you can really advocate for one over the other in a general sense.