The expansion of Chinese civilization in the south was also not entirely peaceful. It followed patterns of settlers occupying fertile lands and forcing indigene

The expansion of Chinese civilization in the south was also not entirely peaceful. It followed patterns of settlers occupying fertile lands and forcing indigeneous people to retreat to less fertile ones and to mountain ranges. The suppressions of the Miao/Hmong rebellions during Ming and Qing dynasty was quite brutal. The spread of civilization and the establishment of the modern nation states was rarely peaceful, neither in the West, nor in the East, and in many cases required cultural assimilation. It is disingeneous to pretend it was otherwise.