You get a feel for that with the shaking frequency and/or gap between different sets of waves (P & S waves). No discernable gap and higher jerkier frequency usu

You get a feel for that with the shaking frequency and/or gap between different sets of waves (P & S waves). No discernable gap and higher jerkier frequency usually means closer, a longer rolling feeling with separated phases that might last longer usually means further away. Just like sound or ocean waves the higher frequencies attenuate out quicker over distance.