> Do we know that the student cannot solve the problem Yes. Emphatically. The problem was right there on the page, and they did not give the correct answer.

> Do we know that the student cannot solve the problem Yes. Emphatically. The problem was right there on the page, and they did not give the correct answer. Answering a question in a language that is commonly used is part of the test. I also have perused the questions for this test and they do not require sophisticated lingual concepts to understand (and this test was for teachers!!!) But if a pupil cannot solve a problem because they do not understand the language well enough to properly obtain the correct answer... they do not have the skills to succeed in the world. This is a fixable problem, except of course many schools do not actually want to teach the predominant language for reasons having to do with political vote capture.