What is "quickly enough"? Isn't the reaction time today somewhere on the order of a few milliseconds? How much could a component overheat in that time? The max

What is "quickly enough"? Isn't the reaction time today somewhere on the order of a few milliseconds? How much could a component overheat in that time? The maximum current, though high, is still limited, after all. Also, there is "thermally governed", and there is that hard reset once a critical temperature has been reached. I'm admittedly ignorant, but a "extremely short reaction time" with regards to a critical event seems like something that one could reasonably expect. "I static'ed my component X" is something one hears frequently, but I don't think I've ever read about anyone frying their CPU anytime in the last decade. Edit: Looking at a somewhat recent paper [1] studying CPU frequency transition latency, even the highest latencies were still within 70µs(!). I think one could reasonably expect a similar or better latency regarding critical protection circuitry. [1] https://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~sbansal/col862-lpc/ftalat.pdf https://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~sbansal/col862-lpc/ftalat.pdf