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let's check out https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-nso-zero-click.html https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-i..., which has probably been used to enable "crimes against humanity". integer overflow results in undersized allocation which is indexed out of bounds. if c++ had either overflow checks or bounds checking as the default, how likely is this bug to happen?