Yes, that’s correct. Because conducting experiments on things like “does this approach to teaching fractions work better” is important for society. The ends are

Yes, that’s correct. Because conducting experiments on things like “does this approach to teaching fractions work better” is important for society. The ends are good and the means are reasonable. We aren’t injecting kids with chemicals—we can only experiment with “normal” educational practice. It shows why nuance is important— and why requiring informed consent isn’t always the most ethical choice for society. Ethical action involves nuance! It is very comforting to think that the world is black and white, good and bad. But it isn’t. Why is this so difficult to communicate?