yes but no. the problem was that in mostly big financially privilegized companies both ops, dev, net, itsec were it's own little fiefdoms. and there was no ince

yes but no. the problem was that in mostly big financially privilegized companies both ops, dev, net, itsec were it's own little fiefdoms. and there was no incentive to get shit done. because that would have required working with the enemy. that gets you nowhere on your way up the corporate ladder in your guild. lack of education never helps, but it's laughable to point at that as a serious causally significant factor. outsourcing, communication barriers, trust barriers, organization barriers, ossification of the business structure led to serious loss of productivity of the whole enterprise. the answer is the cross-functional team. agile. scrum. (and many names and many crazy offshoots) but the core recipe is good and sane: people above process. trust (and self-check) instead of mandatory responsibility separation to check each other. empower engineers to be able to do the right thing by default, engineer tools for everything, don't let non-tooled non-integrated handoff points develop, because that leads to fiefdoms and communication bottlenecks.