I think a lot of it is just about making it fun. Gamification. Story telling. And tying the learning to stuff they are already interested in. It also helps if

I think a lot of it is just about making it fun. Gamification. Story telling. And tying the learning to stuff they are already interested in. It also helps if the teacher is genuinely passionate about the subject taught. And knows way more than is in the curriculum so he can go on weird tangents and answer curveball questions. Oh and keeping difficulty just right. Not so easy that it is boring, but not so hard that it makes students despair.