I find that frameworks require varying amounts of learning curve and in my experience that is in addition to basic JS+HTML+CSS knowledge. I prefer to invest my

I find that frameworks require varying amounts of learning curve and in my experience that is in addition to basic JS+HTML+CSS knowledge. I prefer to invest my learning bandwidth on fundamentals. So the simple webapps that I write are based on ES modules that I have refined over time. In the early days, I had to read up a great deal. Now, with a bit of reuse and polish, I can build webapps fast enough for my own needs. I also find WebSockets simpler for connecting with custom backends than fetch or XMLHttpRequest.