There are 2 scenarios in the original Limits to Growth that encapsulate this: 1. The "comprehensive technology" scenario in which population stabilizes, food p

There are 2 scenarios in the original Limits to Growth that encapsulate this: 1. The "comprehensive technology" scenario in which population stabilizes, food production increases to keep pace, pollution eventually drops to essentially zero, and industrial output actually decreases as a result of increased efficiency. 2. The "stabilized world" scenario, where population, industrial output, and food output all stabilize quickly, and pollution also eventually drops to 0. The difference between these 2 scenarios is essentially that in the latter, technology does not progress fast enough to save us, but we are able to put the brakes on and save ourself; while, in the former, increases in efficiency due to technology are what allows us to stave off collapse.