11 ms·

Icon Programming Language – A brief introduction (1993)

57 points by smartmic 5y ago

mindcrime 5y ago
Doesn't look like (this) implementation has been updated much recently, but there is one available at least: https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/v95u.htm https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/v95u.htm Additional info/context here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icon_(programming_language) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icon_(programming_language)
- cryptonector 5y ago
  There used to be a compiler (to C) and an interpreter available, but the compiler was dropped eventually.
  - Ultimatt 5y ago
    There was also a JVM implementation too, it's probably one of the earlier languages to have an implementation. https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/jcon/index.htm https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/jcon/index.htm
cryptonector 5y ago
Icon is a fantastic programming language. It's... a lot like jq, actually, though both are independently developed, and Stephen Dolan never knew about Icon when he wrote jq. The primary characteristic of both is that they have pervasive backtracking. The primary difference is that jq is built around a concept of immutable, copy-on-write data types. Well, the syntax is also radically different, but that's less interesting to me. Anyways, I'm very fond of Icon, and I miss writing code in it. It really feels like a language that could have been a much better Python or Perl N. There was an effort to make it so called Unicon, but it never really took off.
- xscott 5y ago
  Thank you for the info on jq. I had seen it before, but I dismissed it as a "grep for JSON" kind of thing, and I don't do a lot of JSON. Hearing it's got more in common with Icon, I'll have to give it another look. Icon was the first language I really got enamored with. I took two classes from Ralph Griswold, and generators, backtracking, and string scanning made for really pretty algorithms. Python has /almost/ caught up to the expressiveness that Icon had in the late 80s / early 90s.
  - cryptonector 5y ago
    Generators and backtracking are even more pervasive in jq than in Icon because jq evaluates all generators fully, even conditional expressions. You have to use the first() -or related- functions to limit evaluation of generators. Whereas in Icon conditionals are always limited to the first value, and you have to use the `every` keyword to evaluate generators fully. To me, Icon and jq are kindred spirits, even though they have nothing in common in terms of lineage.
- AlexeyBrin 5y ago
  Unicon seems pretty alive to me and it works on Linux and Windows http://www.unicon.org/ http://www.unicon.org/
- Ultimatt 5y ago
  I agree strongly on the it could (and should) have been a better Python or Perl. A lot of the reasons I like Raku (previously Perl 6) is that it's adopted a lot of the philosophy of Icon possibly accidentally.
bodhiandphysics 5y ago
One of the great things about icon is the wonderful book on implementing it! It gives a lot of detail into how interpreters work under the hood
- twoodfin 5y ago
  https://www.cs.arizona.edu/icon/ibsale.htm https://www.cs.arizona.edu/icon/ibsale.htm Thanks for the pointer. PL implementation books are my favorite sub-sub-genre.
  - mindcrime 5y ago
    If there isn't one already, somebody should start one of those Github "Awesome X" lists of "Awesome PL implementation books". Edit: there doesn't appear to be one for that specifically, but this list is kinda close. https://github.com/aalhour/awesome-compilers https://github.com/aalhour/awesome-compilers
- anamax 5y ago
  The "everyone gets a stack" implementation feels awkward and limiting. One of the first non-trivial simulators that I wrote was an implementation of Icon's control structures using heap-allocated frames. While heap allocating a frame is more expensive than incrementing/decrementing a stack pointer, managing lots of heap-allocated execution contexts is faster than managing lots of execution stacks, especially in a 32 bit world. It had an ordinary stack for each thread, which was used mainly for running libc stuff.
protomyth 5y ago
If you find Icon interesting then you probably want to have a look at SNOBOL also. http://www.snobol4.org/ http://www.snobol4.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNOBOL https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNOBOL
- kbob 5y ago
  I found SNOBOL a lot harder to work with than Icon. Icon is an Algol-like language in that it has the usual flow control mechanisms, enhanced with Icon's backtracking. SNOBOL is a lot more like assembly. So it's harder (for me) to read the basic control flow of a program. I think SNOBOL predated the invention of structured programming, or at least Griswold wasn't aware of structured programming's advantages when he designed it.
Ultimatt 5y ago
After ZX Spectrum Basic, Icon is the first programming language I learned once I had a PC. It's extremely good for learning event based programming and the basic principles of UI programming, as nothing gets in your way and is baked in. The syntax is also a good stepping stone to many other languages. When you're a teenager and your first self taught program in a language is an image editing GUI to build HTML image maps that says a lot about the language design and ease of use! https://gist.github.com/MattOates/076c85498232465388a39e7efc307c56 https://gist.github.com/MattOates/076c85498232465388a39e7efc... Every time I use generator functions in Python I wonder how many people realise this is a poor mans Icon. It's worth pointing out that Unicon is where all the Icon development happens as OSS now. The current implementation can almost certainly still run my 19 year old program linked. http://unicon.org/ http://unicon.org/
kbr2000 5y ago
The 'Graphics Programming in Icon' book is also a gem (available for free here [0]). It's written in the same (readable) form and style as the other books, and uses the added power of Icon to demonstrate how quick you can get going (take a look at their L-systems demo). There's also information on UI design. I remember a whole library with demo programs was available with the interpreter. It included a 'caricature generator' you should check out if you can find it back, that was fun. Apart from that, there's a treasure trove of information available in articles and newsletters (The Icon Analyst [1], and The Icon Newsletter [2]), which are filled with little projects that please the mind. [0] https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/gb/index.htm https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/gb/index.htm [1] https://nnessy.cs.arizona.edu/icon/analyst/ia.htm https://nnessy.cs.arizona.edu/icon/analyst/ia.htm [2] https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/ftp/doc/ https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/ftp/doc/
comeonseriously 5y ago
Dr Christopher (Tools of Computing) wrote some docs on parsing that were interesting to me (first time I saw matrix multiplication used in computing first/follow, etc sets). I am pretty sure he used Icon, because it was my first exposure to that as well. I thought it was an interesting language at the time, but never did anything with it. Good grief that was closing in on 20 years ago... sigh. edit: found his docs on the Icon language: https://www.tools-of-computing.com/tc/CS/iconprog.pdf https://www.tools-of-computing.com/tc/CS/iconprog.pdf
gnufx 5y ago
My exposure to it was via the noweb literate programming system: https://github.com/nrnrnr/noweb/tree/master/src/icon https://github.com/nrnrnr/noweb/tree/master/src/icon

57 points by smartmic 5y ago

Doesn't look like (this) implementation has been updated much recently, but there is one available at least: https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/v95u.htm https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/v95u.htm Additional info/context here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icon_(programming_language) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icon_(programming_language)

cryptonector 5y ago
There used to be a compiler (to C) and an interpreter available, but the compiler was dropped eventually.
- Ultimatt 5y ago
  There was also a JVM implementation too, it's probably one of the earlier languages to have an implementation. https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/jcon/index.htm https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/jcon/index.htm

cryptonector 5y ago

Icon is a fantastic programming language. It's... a lot like jq, actually, though both are independently developed, and Stephen Dolan never knew about Icon when he wrote jq. The primary characteristic of both is that they have pervasive backtracking. The primary difference is that jq is built around a concept of immutable, copy-on-write data types. Well, the syntax is also radically different, but that's less interesting to me. Anyways, I'm very fond of Icon, and I miss writing code in it. It really feels like a language that could have been a much better Python or Perl N. There was an effort to make it so called Unicon, but it never really took off.

xscott 5y ago
Thank you for the info on jq. I had seen it before, but I dismissed it as a "grep for JSON" kind of thing, and I don't do a lot of JSON. Hearing it's got more in common with Icon, I'll have to give it another look. Icon was the first language I really got enamored with. I took two classes from Ralph Griswold, and generators, backtracking, and string scanning made for really pretty algorithms. Python has /almost/ caught up to the expressiveness that Icon had in the late 80s / early 90s.
- cryptonector 5y ago
  Generators and backtracking are even more pervasive in jq than in Icon because jq evaluates all generators fully, even conditional expressions. You have to use the first() -or related- functions to limit evaluation of generators. Whereas in Icon conditionals are always limited to the first value, and you have to use the `every` keyword to evaluate generators fully. To me, Icon and jq are kindred spirits, even though they have nothing in common in terms of lineage.
AlexeyBrin 5y ago
Unicon seems pretty alive to me and it works on Linux and Windows http://www.unicon.org/ http://www.unicon.org/
Ultimatt 5y ago
I agree strongly on the it could (and should) have been a better Python or Perl. A lot of the reasons I like Raku (previously Perl 6) is that it's adopted a lot of the philosophy of Icon possibly accidentally.

bodhiandphysics 5y ago

One of the great things about icon is the wonderful book on implementing it! It gives a lot of detail into how interpreters work under the hood

twoodfin 5y ago
https://www.cs.arizona.edu/icon/ibsale.htm https://www.cs.arizona.edu/icon/ibsale.htm Thanks for the pointer. PL implementation books are my favorite sub-sub-genre.
- mindcrime 5y ago
  If there isn't one already, somebody should start one of those Github "Awesome X" lists of "Awesome PL implementation books". Edit: there doesn't appear to be one for that specifically, but this list is kinda close. https://github.com/aalhour/awesome-compilers https://github.com/aalhour/awesome-compilers
anamax 5y ago
The "everyone gets a stack" implementation feels awkward and limiting. One of the first non-trivial simulators that I wrote was an implementation of Icon's control structures using heap-allocated frames. While heap allocating a frame is more expensive than incrementing/decrementing a stack pointer, managing lots of heap-allocated execution contexts is faster than managing lots of execution stacks, especially in a 32 bit world. It had an ordinary stack for each thread, which was used mainly for running libc stuff.

protomyth 5y ago

If you find Icon interesting then you probably want to have a look at SNOBOL also. http://www.snobol4.org/ http://www.snobol4.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNOBOL https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNOBOL

kbob 5y ago
I found SNOBOL a lot harder to work with than Icon. Icon is an Algol-like language in that it has the usual flow control mechanisms, enhanced with Icon's backtracking. SNOBOL is a lot more like assembly. So it's harder (for me) to read the basic control flow of a program. I think SNOBOL predated the invention of structured programming, or at least Griswold wasn't aware of structured programming's advantages when he designed it.

Ultimatt 5y ago

After ZX Spectrum Basic, Icon is the first programming language I learned once I had a PC. It's extremely good for learning event based programming and the basic principles of UI programming, as nothing gets in your way and is baked in. The syntax is also a good stepping stone to many other languages. When you're a teenager and your first self taught program in a language is an image editing GUI to build HTML image maps that says a lot about the language design and ease of use! https://gist.github.com/MattOates/076c85498232465388a39e7efc307c56 https://gist.github.com/MattOates/076c85498232465388a39e7efc... Every time I use generator functions in Python I wonder how many people realise this is a poor mans Icon. It's worth pointing out that Unicon is where all the Icon development happens as OSS now. The current implementation can almost certainly still run my 19 year old program linked. http://unicon.org/ http://unicon.org/

kbr2000 5y ago

The 'Graphics Programming in Icon' book is also a gem (available for free here [0]). It's written in the same (readable) form and style as the other books, and uses the added power of Icon to demonstrate how quick you can get going (take a look at their L-systems demo). There's also information on UI design. I remember a whole library with demo programs was available with the interpreter. It included a 'caricature generator' you should check out if you can find it back, that was fun. Apart from that, there's a treasure trove of information available in articles and newsletters (The Icon Analyst [1], and The Icon Newsletter [2]), which are filled with little projects that please the mind. [0] https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/gb/index.htm https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/gb/index.htm [1] https://nnessy.cs.arizona.edu/icon/analyst/ia.htm https://nnessy.cs.arizona.edu/icon/analyst/ia.htm [2] https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/ftp/doc/ https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/ftp/doc/

comeonseriously 5y ago

Dr Christopher (Tools of Computing) wrote some docs on parsing that were interesting to me (first time I saw matrix multiplication used in computing first/follow, etc sets). I am pretty sure he used Icon, because it was my first exposure to that as well. I thought it was an interesting language at the time, but never did anything with it. Good grief that was closing in on 20 years ago... sigh. edit: found his docs on the Icon language: https://www.tools-of-computing.com/tc/CS/iconprog.pdf https://www.tools-of-computing.com/tc/CS/iconprog.pdf

gnufx 5y ago

My exposure to it was via the noweb literate programming system: https://github.com/nrnrnr/noweb/tree/master/src/icon https://github.com/nrnrnr/noweb/tree/master/src/icon