Re #1: Not forwarding the transaction. You can tell within about 15 seconds or so if a transaction hasn't hit the memepool. Just look up you wallet on blockcha

Re #1: Not forwarding the transaction. You can tell within about 15 seconds or so if a transaction hasn't hit the memepool. Just look up you wallet on blockchain.com/etherscan etc. It's a standard step that nearly every send/receive UI offers a link after submitting a transaction. These services mark mempool transactions as "pending" before they are inserted into a block. For example, here's a wallet for Gemini, you can see pending transactions under the "Age" column as they hit the mempool [0]. They are "pending" while in the mempool and then are labeled with a time as they are added to blocks. I'm continually impressed with how resilient the system is, even more-so after our thread about a hypothetical adversary. (Again you can run your own mempool service on your own node, and publish transactions to it, but in our hypothetical situation you need to instead issue it out through a Whatsapp channel manually.) [0] https://etherscan.io/address/0x056fd409e1d7a124bd7017459dfea2f387b6d5cd https://etherscan.io/address/0x056fd409e1d7a124bd7017459dfea...