How Small Is Small? From PC Mag https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/process-technology https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/process-technology To unders

How Small Is Small? From PC Mag https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/process-technology https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/process-technology To understand how tiny these transistor elements are, using state-of-the-art 5 nm feature sizes as an example, 16 thousand of them laid side-by-side are equal to the cross section of one human hair. See half-node and active area. Semiconductor Feature Sizes (approximate for all vendors) Nanometers Micrometers Millimeters Year (nm) (µm) (mm) 1957 120,000 120.0 0.12 1963 30,000 30.0 0.03 1971 10,000 10.0 0.01 1974 6,000 6.0 1976 3,000 3.0 1982 1,500 1.5 ** 1985 1,300 1.3 ** 1989 1,000 1.0 ** 1993 600 0.6 ** 1996 350 0.35 ** 1998 250 0.25 ** 1999 180 0.18 ** 2001 130 0.13 ** 2003 90 0.09 ** 2005 65 0.065 2008 45 0.045 2010 32 0.032 2012 22 0.022 2014 14 0.014 2017 10 0.010 2018 7 0.007 2020 5 0.005 2022 3 0.003 2024 2 0.002 *** What this means is:- very complex circuits can be laid out and placed inside a bypass capacitor on the 3.3 or 5 volt rail that pass their data through the encapsulant via IR and also receive instructions. They can be hidden on multilayer boards hidden by the + and G rails from x-rays. They can also access data busses by similar hidden means. With data bus access they can get/send clocked data on command. Ever hear of the 'Russian Pebbles'. Dead drops that use a foot coil to send/receive data, and yes, they have wireless charging - a charger agent places his foot nearby the buried pebbles...