In the case of Dieselgate, the engineers who programmed the emission control system built something that let other engineers believe that the system is working

In the case of Dieselgate, the engineers who programmed the emission control system built something that let other engineers believe that the system is working alright when it didn't. Of course, for the engineers who commited the fraud, everything worked as expected by hiding from the other engineers that the system was only in the test setup reaching the emission goals. In the case of the 737 MAX, I doubt that only the manangement is to be blamed. This sounds like the adage that success has many fathers, but failure none. The practicality of certain design for its intented purposes in its actual use cases is at the heart of engineering. I don't think that a top-down view is sufficient where it is "manangement" that is setting specific goals and "engineering" is only obligated to observe these specific goals instead of also considering the broader context. Back to the original debate: Even if "the MACS did what it was built to do (make the plane behave like a traditional 737)" the whole design did not what it was supposed to do. Admittedly it did fly, but not safely. And the whole process of quality control, which should ensure that it was safe, did fail as well. This is why I think a claim like "engineering ... cannot pretend something is working when it isn't" is quite naïve. Why do we need all those complex regulations about quality control, when it is so obvious that something is working or not?