Simply put, yes. The same effects could have been accomplished with extensive public transportation, subsidized to the point of being free for the same cost as

Simply put, yes. The same effects could have been accomplished with extensive public transportation, subsidized to the point of being free for the same cost as the car and road subsidies. And with far greater positive effects on poverty, due to providing a smaller barrier of entry. Also likely far more free money and labor being diverted to more creative endeavors, due to the freedom from funding being forced to be allocated to a car for basic needs.