Good summary but slightly out of date. What they rely on now is QE, with the central bank buying assets from banks to free up money for investment. Ends up simi

Good summary but slightly out of date. What they rely on now is QE, with the central bank buying assets from banks to free up money for investment. Ends up similar to lowering reserve requirements, but without the drawbacks of lowering reserve requirements. Japan is dealing with it by massive infra projects like the new maglev Shinkansen. So when we are talking about loans, we aren't just talking about consumer credit, although that can be a major component in a consumption-led economy.