So in a surgery situation where you are under and something else is discovered, then that's a situation of unexpected costs. So you look to who is best able to

So in a surgery situation where you are under and something else is discovered, then that's a situation of unexpected costs. So you look to who is best able to bear them and that's who bears them. What exactly is the purpose of insurance if they do not cover you from unexpected costs? And if there is no insurance (say a cash procedure), then the hospital bears the cost and bakes the possibility of complications into the price. Point is, you need clarity of prices rather than the situation today where you sign a promise to pay whatever costs the hospital decides to charge you, and you may not even know what those are until weeks after the procedure. There is no meaningful way a market can operate under conditions in which blank checks are demanded in order to get anything done. If that can't work, and the hospital insists it cannot quote you a cost at all, then go full socialized healthcare since obviously no market is possible.