2, 3 and 4 are not Standard Model problems, but cosmological problems. There are cosmological theories that explain them by using only General Relativity withou

2, 3 and 4 are not Standard Model problems, but cosmological problems. There are cosmological theories that explain them by using only General Relativity without any changes to particle physics. For example, you can check out Nick Gorkavyi's cosmological papers: https://pos.sissa.it/335/039/ https://pos.sissa.it/335/039/ https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/476/1/1384/4848298 https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/476/1/1384/4848298 https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/461/3/2929/2608669 https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/461/3/2929/2608669 https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.10218 https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.10218 https://www.sao.ru/Doc-k8/Science/Public/Bulletin/Vol76/N3/ASPB285.pdf https://www.sao.ru/Doc-k8/Science/Public/Bulletin/Vol76/N3/A... (this one is available only in Russian for now)