Maybe not missing ion channels, but it does seem to be caused by over sensitive ion channels, and several different ones. They used to think it was just sodium

Maybe not missing ion channels, but it does seem to be caused by over sensitive ion channels, and several different ones. They used to think it was just sodium channels but now they find the calcium channels (which are also implicated in Bipolar Disorder) and the potassium channels can play a role. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/65083 https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/65083 They use sodium channel blocker's as both anti-epileptics and mood stabilizers. I have Bipolar Disorders and have the CACNA1C, SCN2A, and KCNQ1 risk alleles for the disorder. Depakote used to work well for me, Lamictal worked even better, but Benzodiazepines as needed seem to help me the most. They are all used to treat epilepsy as well.