At least in STEM: Create an exercise that contains a technical term that does not exist, and create a page containg it with a plausible, but wrong solution for

At least in STEM: Create an exercise that contains a technical term that does not exist, and create a page containg it with a plausible, but wrong solution for the excercise. Make sure that the page is easily found with Google. Give everyone who solved it using the wrong solution a failing mark. Personalize every exam. Create a pool of exercises and choose n exercises per student, based on the student id. Easily done if the sheets are already LaTeX anyway. Create heavy time pressure. Cheating is very hard when even completing all exercises regularly is almost impossible. (Lovingly called "Zeitklausur" in German, lit. "time exam", it's normal that students are unable to finish those in time) Create exams that don't just test the ability to vomit knowledge, but test the ability to use that knowledge, and let students explain in their own words. Replace the exam with multiple small projects and presentations. All of those things were used by different chairs / departments in my university :-) Nothing will prevent "someone else writes the exam for another student" with absolute certainty, yes. But neither does proctoring software.