At least in the US there are ~75 USDA accredited certifying agents [1] and my understanding is that some of them are perceived as being more stringent about cra

At least in the US there are ~75 USDA accredited certifying agents [1] and my understanding is that some of them are perceived as being more stringent about cracking down on fraud. For example, I've got friends who will only pay extra for organic if it's explicitly Oregon Tilth because they no longer trust a generic USDA Organic label. I'm also curious if label fraud is any more common with organic certification compared to other food labels. For example I recall articles about a study that found 20% of fish was deliberately mislabeled: "Cheaper, less desirable fish were often sold in the name of more popular fish. Particularly concerning was the report's finding that some substitutes were fish that contain higher mercury levels or come from less sustainable fisheries."[2] More generically, "economically motivated adulteration" is estimated[3] to impact 1% of the global food industry with examples given such as sweeteners, oils, seafood, juice, and spices. [1] https://organic.ams.usda.gov/integrity/Certifiers/CertifiersLocationsSearchPage.aspx https://organic.ams.usda.gov/integrity/Certifiers/Certifiers... [2] https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/study-finds-seafood-mislabeled-illegal https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/study... [3] https://www.fda.gov/food/compliance-enforcement-food/economically-motivated-adulteration-food-fraud https://www.fda.gov/food/compliance-enforcement-food/economi...