Is the cost of roads handled in that comparison, or are the roads assumed to already exist? (And are the roads being continually expanded to keep up with the i

Is the cost of roads handled in that comparison, or are the roads assumed to already exist? (And are the roads being continually expanded to keep up with the induced demand from previous expansion?) If not, then that gives buses an unfair advantage in the comparison. Also, per kilometer probably isn't the best metric, unless you're building into a low-density area. It would be better to compare the cost per kilometer, divided by the throughput (people/hour).