A link describing what NPD (narcissistic personality disorder) really is: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcissistic-personality-disorder/symp

A link describing what NPD (narcissistic personality disorder) really is: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcissistic-personality-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20366662 https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcissistic-... The method of self-reporting seems like a real problem, as nobody is going to be reporting their dangerous pathologies out of a sense of civic mindedness. The crux of this seems to be they wanted to show they could use an ML model to their peers. It's worth looking at it more clinically instead of using it as a proxy for "kicking up," at leaders or charismatic people who may be otherwise pretty average. Elevating disorders to represent symbols of powerful evil and applying them to hate figures is superstitious villager quality reasoning. A useful example of narcisism is a more banal version, where someone manages their personal brand, and becomes actuated by external validation and the approval of others in a way that is pathological. Their neuroticism means they are much less likely to be leaders at all, and plausibly more like actors, lawyers, celebrities, academics, and indeed, politicians and other artifacts of fame and attention, but not because they are leaders. Rather, status occupations are watering holes for narcissists and their cousin pathology, psychopaths. A psychologist friend once quipped, if you want to see the Galapogos Islands of personality disorders in the wild just go to a strip club, which I thought was very insightful because the people there feel the attention and money and status but divorced from social norms. I would wonder in this paper whether they bothered to detect narcisism in the twitter followers, or is this just about leaders, and then, really, why? It's the need for reflected representations of status, and arguably not a leadership trait at all.