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This is still a subject of ongoing debate, and little has stood the test of time. Take for example work by anthropologists such as Herman Pontzer that find that

• naasking 5y ago
  You're overcomplicating this. The fundamentals of nutrition are simple, and are as follows in decreasing priority order: 1. Calories: too few and you die, too many and you gain weight, get sick and die early. 2. Macronutrients: too few and you will get sick and possibly die, too much doesn't matter so much as long as calories are under control. 3. Micronutrients: too few and you will live, you just might be a bit sickly (brittle bones, scurvy, anemia, etc). Too much of some micronutrients can be toxic, but most you'll just excrete in various ways. That's it for the basics. There are some recommendations around fiber and other things to lower your risk of various age-related diseases, but if you just keep your calories in the right range and ensure you get the necessary macronutrients and micronutrients, then you know everything you'll likely ever need to know, barring any medical conditions that require specific diets.