I haven't used most of these but here's my possibly-flawed understanding: Consul: It's used to help manage cloud networking so that your application doesn't ha

I haven't used most of these but here's my possibly-flawed understanding: Consul: It's used to help manage cloud networking so that your application doesn't have to worry about IP addresses, datacenter locations, punching through firewalls, etc. Think of the situation where you have a zillion microservices talking to each other on different machines- it makes it easier for them to find each other. It also includes a distributed key-value store Vault: If you've used a password manager in your browser, imagine that but distributed and on steroids. You can use it to share credentials with groups. It also has some APIs to help with encryption/decryption and includes a key-value store Nomad: Roughly similar to Kubernetes (although with good support for non-containerized software). It's used to orchestrate software. For example when you have a bunch of programs you want to run 24/7 , you can specify what machines they should run on (for example at the datacenter/region level), what resources to give the programs, how to handle hardware failures, etc.