You're right regarding panniers and bike lock, since I bought them back then... So throw in another 200 $ into the calculation above, but in the grand scheme it

You're right regarding panniers and bike lock, since I bought them back then... So throw in another 200 $ into the calculation above, but in the grand scheme it's still not that much less cost efficient. No rail pass needed though, since I can bike across the city comfortably (can reach everything within my social circle in 20-45 mins). In the rare occasion that I really need to take public transport I just buy a single ticket / day pass. I used to have a small Peugeot 106 back then, but sold it since it was rarely used and the cost was immense compared to what I have to pay for maintaining a bicycle. The rain coat is huge and protects most of my pants, shoes will get wet, however on rainy days I commute with my red wings boots (which I didn't specifically buy for riding my bike) and even in heavy rain the inside of my shoe stays warm and dry, so a wipe at work is enough to have them dirt free again on the outside. Obviously cars are more comfortable and have their purpose, especially in rural areas, but claiming that commuting by bike is close in costs is just not true. And I consider myself the average bike commuter in terms of commute-related spendings, I know some extreme examples of coworkers / friends that ride used 20+ year old bikes with just the basic maintenance (breaks/chain/gear) that spend way less. I agree that more incentives are always good to bring people out of their cars onto their bikes, but the incentives are already there...the amount of money I spend in the past 8 years commuting by bike is what I had to pay on a single repair of my Peugeot 106. If we add up fuel, insurance, other repairs, tax, parking costs than we're easily talking about a different dimension of costs.