I'm a layman at this but felt like I understood after reading this: https://wiki.skullsecurity.org/index.php?title=Fundamentals https://wiki.skullsecurity.org/

I'm a layman at this but felt like I understood after reading this: https://wiki.skullsecurity.org/index.php?title=Fundamentals https://wiki.skullsecurity.org/index.php?title=Fundamentals also, that might be dated, so additionally search around for 'Ghidra'. Iirc, hackers at the NSA convinced their bosses the US would be more secure if the gen pop had access to their tools. Cool stuff.