This is really dependent on each country. For The Netherlands, I know there is a system healthcare professionals can use to manually generate DCCs: in case of p

This is really dependent on each country. For The Netherlands, I know there is a system healthcare professionals can use to manually generate DCCs: in case of problems with the link, patients not giving permission to share PHI to a central registry or in exceptional cases like (partly) vaccinated outside of the EU and such. Just the matter of entering all details and it'll spit out a valid DCC. Source: had to use this procedure myself.