FORTRAN, COBOL, and SQL made programming accessible. FORTRAN, in particular, was not hard to program formulas in, and scientist and engineers had no need in “co

FORTRAN, COBOL, and SQL made programming accessible. FORTRAN, in particular, was not hard to program formulas in, and scientist and engineers had no need in “coders.” Apparently, something was missing, though, and that something, when it was added, turned out to be hard.