neither, when pulseaudio was built there where problems all up and down the stack. from the kernel, alsa, and userspace. the effort around pulseaudio stabilize

neither, when pulseaudio was built there where problems all up and down the stack. from the kernel, alsa, and userspace. the effort around pulseaudio stabilized and resolved most of the problems in the kernel and alsa. leaving most of the problems in the implementation of pulseaudio. pipewire is now building off that giant amount of work pulseaudio effort resulted in and is able to reuse pulseaudio's IPC framework to seamlessly replace pulseaudio itself.