Festo has a good product with its pneumatic muscles, but the same problems apply to them as it does to fluidic types. Complexity and the trade offs with force,

Festo has a good product with its pneumatic muscles, but the same problems apply to them as it does to fluidic types. Complexity and the trade offs with force, frequency and range of motion. I suspect the Festo muscles will end up in mostly industrial products which need simple, linear motion, and weight and efficiency don’t matter as much. Eg manufacturing equipment and active vibration damping systems. Would love to be proved wrong on this however.