I think, but I'm not 100% sure, that limits are on overall TDP, i.e., single-core workloaad can run on turbo indefinitely. Then aalso I'd assume benchmarks are

I think, but I'm not 100% sure, that limits are on overall TDP, i.e., single-core workloaad can run on turbo indefinitely. Then aalso I'd assume benchmarks are much longer than any reasonable value of tau which means it integrates out (i.e., Intel performance may be higher in short-term). Edit: that is probably one of the reasons single-core gap is smaller