The book The Box explains that the ILWU, which represents West Coast dock workers, handled containerization much better than its East Coast counterpart. The ILW

The book The Box explains that the ILWU, which represents West Coast dock workers, handled containerization much better than its East Coast counterpart. The ILWU was more flexible and proactive, partnering with ports for the upgrades that would in time substantially reduce labor requirements, but saving and prolonging many more jobs than if they had been as intransigent as East Coast workers. It really comes down to leadership. The ILWU had great leadership that was able to manage relationships better. It's difficult to find that kind of leadership today, especially because people are so quick to cry "corruption" when a leader does anything except be a zealous, loud, and inflexible advocate for their group. (And when they inevitably fail, that's "corruption", too.) Compromise is a dirty word, and no one can maintain the necessary reputational capital amidst relentless character assassinations on social media.