4 ms·
So I hate to be the "econ 101" guy here, but unfortunately this is an egregious case. Jobs are not these floating vacancies that exist without workers or wages
by rsj_hn 5y ago
So I hate to be the "econ 101" guy here, but unfortunately this is an egregious case.
Jobs are not these floating vacancies that exist without workers or wages. Rather, a company will say, at a wage of 50 cents, want 5 million jobs. At a wage of $1, want 1 million jobs. At a wage of $2, want 500,000 jobs. At a wage of $3, want 200,000 jobs, etc. In other words, as wages go up, various activities that employ labor become unprofitable and the labor is no longer demanded at the higher wage.
In other words, there is a schedule, or function, relating how many jobs the firm wants as a function of the wage.
Similarly, there are not 1 million job seekers at any price. For a wage of 50 cents, there may only be 100,000 seekers. For a wage of $1, there may be a million, for a wage of $2 there may be 2 million, etc. Thus workers are not willing to work for any wage. As the wage goes up, more people enter the labor market. How does that happen? People delay retirement, or they postpone taking some time off for other reasons, or they switch from a part time job to a full time job or even take on extra hours. Yup, people respond to incentives.
Sometimes there is a news article pointing this out, and some commenters here react as if this is some profound revelation that poses a challenge to capitalism, etc, rather than just basic supply and demand. Want more workers? Increase the pay.
Now one of these is an increasing curve, the other is a decreasing curve, and thus there is some market clearing wage at which both the jobs demanded by firms is equal to the workers desiring to work at that wage. Therefore "in the real world", the number of jobs equalizes to the number of workers assuming workers are allowed to enter/exit the labor market and assuming that firms are allowed to adjust the offer wage.
This is the basic stuff. Once the basic stuff is understood, we can add various complications, like a search market, information asymmetry, transition costs, downward "stickiness" of wages, occupational licensing making it illegal for workers to enter, expectations, etc. One can cook up odd situations in which one of these curves is backwards bending, resulting in two equilibria, one "good", one "bad", etc. But all these complications merely add second order adjustments to the Marshallian scissors.
But if your simple thought experiment is ignoring curves and thinking there are just two numbers "workers available" and "jobs open", and one may be too big for the other, so there are "too few" jobs or "too many" jobs, then it's a bad thought experiment.
- adam_arthur 5y agoYes, I'm aware of the finer details. Obviously a contrived example, but has roots in reality. I'm sure you can understand working out a thought experiment with tens of variables doesn't work very well on a simple text discussion? It's common to approach problems from an "all else equal" perspective in economics and hold other variables constant for certain thought experiments. And there can be very real contrived cases where these constraints make sense. Say you have two widget making machines, one per company, and each requires two employees minimum to operate. And there are only two employees in the labor force? So marginal value of one employee is 0, but two is high. The result is, all of the jobs can't be filled and wages will rise to some equilibrium point dictated by the relative value of the jobs. Say company A is Amazon, and the job brings $20/hour of value to them. Company B is a local business and the job brings $15/hour of value to them. In this scenario all the workers go to Amazon of course. Assuming wage is the only consideration, its more economically beneficial for Amazon to pay $16/hour to get all the workers while company B doesn't get any. Of course the marginal value of an additional worker will change depending on the number of workers. The fundamental point is, once the pool of labor becomes vastly smaller than the number of open positions, it becomes quite inflationary and destructive to businesses. Some may say it's fine, and intended. But this is what tends to trigger an inflationary spiral. Companies continually compete for workers, causing wage hike spirals, which compresses margins, which leads to price increases. And at the end of the day, your nominal wage goes up, but your real wage may only rise marginally, or even go down. Now in the real world, I would expect labor force participation to kick in at some point and subdue the effects.