There is no central database, even after the changes of 2015. It is still hosted by each individual municipality (which is exactly what your link states). Howe

There is no central database, even after the changes of 2015. It is still hosted by each individual municipality (which is exactly what your link states). However, there here is a standard API which allows some entities to query all those decentralized registers. It is designed to make it hard to siphon out all data at once (which hopefully trips audit systems in enough places that someone cares to look into). The only centralized database of that kind is the one at BZSt, which contains far less data. For the moment access is limited to tax-related issues but it will be soon expanded to a centralized base data registry (Registermodernisierung).