Vulkan isn't really messy, it's just a very low level API. The idea is that the OpenGL middle ground stopped mattering a long time ago. If you want to just rend

Vulkan isn't really messy, it's just a very low level API. The idea is that the OpenGL middle ground stopped mattering a long time ago. If you want to just render some 3D objects then you should use a 3D engine, if you want to write a 3D engine then you want Vulkan. Agree with the rest though. From time to time, the industry manages to go back to the drawing board and make big simplifications or reliability upgrades, quantum leaps. Java was one example because it combined garbage collection, a somewhat rigorous language, high performance, a clean reset of the toolchain (no messy autoconf/Makefiles) and very robust/well engineered standard library. It was a huge success for that reason: familiar enough to be easy to pick up, but it abstracted or eliminated vast complexity. SystemD was a smaller scale example of a Big Simplifying Reset in the UNIX world. But these sorts of things come along rarely, and entropic decay into ever more complexity never stops.