The problem is consumer views of "owning" things. Today if I go buy a new Tesla Model X Long Range, it's got a 400+ mile range. It's a brand new battery that'll

The problem is consumer views of "owning" things. Today if I go buy a new Tesla Model X Long Range, it's got a 400+ mile range. It's a brand new battery that'll be good for a decade. However, if I go get the battery swapped out, then the "new" unit I get might be a battery that's 5 years old and is down to only 70% max life. Rinse and repeat. I never know what battery I get and it might significantly effect my possible range. But I paid for a brand new battery... so that's not fair. A bunch of EV companies have looked at this and run into this problem of consumer sentiment. Also the system for swapping batteries needs to be automated and totally bullet proof. It cannot fail to swap a battery, ever. Which is not easy when you're talking about some sort of robot that needs to move a thousand pounds of battery. Also what do you do with cars of different makes and models? The charging infrastructure is already challenging enough. Would you have a Ford battery swap station, separate from Tesla, separate from Rivian? If not that, you need to get every company AND every make/model of vehicle to be totally standardized. For battery swaps to be really effective, it needs to be faster than charging - so almost as fast as filling gas. And have just as much range. So it can't be a 100 mile swap, it'd need to be at least 300. Otherwise someone driving slightly longer distance would need to be stopping to change battery every hour. Also it needs to be no more expensive than what consumers already have. At the end of the day, battery swapping technology makes sense - but not for the average consumer. It's a great solution for fleet vehicles. Typically they are standardized single model of vehicle, the drivers don't care about the battery age (it's not their car), vehicle downtime matters (depending), and they have a central depot. Think about taxis for example, the depot can change the battery between driver shift changes.