The two things that have to hold are: 1. The law of Counterfactuals and 2. The Law of Conditional Independence You can find preprints from Pearl online or eve

The two things that have to hold are: 1. The law of Counterfactuals and 2. The Law of Conditional Independence You can find preprints from Pearl online or even some presentations that cover these definitions. His books as well. I don't know how this applies to the work by the economists. I think Gelman at Columbia talks about Pearl and SCMs and the whole thing.