I like the 2-factor analogy for the driver-assist technologies, which are ordinarily framed as more primitive automation, rather than the low-cost safety boons

I like the 2-factor analogy for the driver-assist technologies, which are ordinarily framed as more primitive automation, rather than the low-cost safety boons that they are. The Level 3 automation systems that Tesla and Uber built rely on two factors too, but they invert them, expecting disengaged humans to snap to alertness at super-human speed, which is just not how our brains work. So of course the second factor only exists as a legal cover to reduce their liability, which is all these players care about as far as safety is concerned.