Cgroups is a great example of the problems faced here. The cgroups code/API that made it into the upstream kernel was the product of a couple of years of inter

Cgroups is a great example of the problems faced here. The cgroups code/API that made it into the upstream kernel was the product of a couple of years of internal experimentation at Google into ways to do kernel-level resource isolation, and was pretty different from the approach that was used internally in production on a rather older kernel version. (A bit like Borg vs Kubernetes). And it still took a couple more years for cgroups to replace the original internal mechanisms, since the internal way worked OK and upgrading the kernel across so many machines was risky.