As an example, I worked (as a third party) for a bank once. The way the system here in Switzerland works is thus: The government has an office which supplies

As an example, I worked (as a third party) for a bank once. The way the system here in Switzerland works is thus: The government has an office which supplies a certificate that says "this person has not had criminal charges pressed against them for the crimes X, Y and Z for the last N years". A bank can demand (and did, in my case) this certificate from new employees for crimes like Fraud and violent crimes (I assume). The job candidate requests the certificate from the government and hands a copy over to the company. Obviously if they know they would fail, they don't have to do this part, and can simply stop pursuing the job instead. IIRC (this wasn't relevant for me), a company weren't allowed to simply ask for a wildcard certificate, it had to be reasonable for the job.