for systems that use modeling that was built using measurement hardware, and then are able to make predictions without the hardware for android, also see: A. P

for systems that use modeling that was built using measurement hardware, and then are able to make predictions without the hardware for android, also see: A. Pathak, et, al, “Fine- grained power modeling for smartphones using system call tracing,” http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1966445.1966460 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1966445.1966460 L. Zhang, et, al. “Accurate online power estimation and automatic battery behavior based power model generation for smartphones” i think that some android platform dev boards also have specialized hardware and that qualcomm has a whole system for measuring baseband energy usage.