> If you are arguing that woman have had more power or roughly equal power in most societies, you are absolutely wrong. I would argue different power. In warl

> If you are arguing that woman have had more power or roughly equal power in most societies, you are absolutely wrong. I would argue different power. In warlike times (much of more antique history, WW1, WW2, Korea, Vietnam) many of the powerful men were at home with the gear, while ordinary men were conscripted and dying/maimed on battlefields. There has always been a pecking order of the powerful above the ordinary plebes, and powerful women have always been a part of the Optimati. > You listed exceptions, as in exceptions to the rule, the rule being male dominance in human societies. And all of those exceptions come with a truckload or two of caveats. I think there are more than a few exceptions, and you are dismissing them out of hand. Just think about it - England, during its Golden Age, the most powerful kingdom in the West, was under a female monarch, during which time the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Spanish Armadas occured I would presume that is one prominent reason why English has become the Lingua Franca. When people think of Egyptian Pharaohs, many would immediately think of Cleopatra, or Ramses II. Russian history would be lost without an Empress Catherine. Who was the Queen that authorized/sponsored Christopher Columbus on his Journey West, Isabella perhaps? And, there is a much bigger list of important monarchs [1] of which only a few are noted. > " In virtually all societies through all of history, this has not been the case." Your words. [1] https://www.thoughtco.com/powerful-women-rulers-everyone-should-know-3530278 https://www.thoughtco.com/powerful-women-rulers-everyone-sho...