Has there been any data that indicates that policing has an impact on murder rates ever? Even the murders in the CHAZ in Seattle at the height of defund the po

Has there been any data that indicates that policing has an impact on murder rates ever? Even the murders in the CHAZ in Seattle at the height of defund the police were much more spur of the moment incidents. Not the type of thing someone is likely to reconsider if the police force were doubled. And given that the murder rate increase was national and not regional, it seems much more likely that it was nationally impacted. Maybe something like a pandemic which led to social stresses, economic stresses, and increases in gun purchases. Another city in Washington, Spokane, saw about a tripling in homicides in 2020 and there was no "defund the police" movement in that city, no reduction in police force -- and also has a Republican mayor and a generally much more conservative take than Seattle. You're simply reaching for a narrative rather than looking at the data.