> Almost all combining rules (including skin tone modifiers) require a zero-width joiner character No, the skin tone modifiers apply directly to eligible perso

> Almost all combining rules (including skin tone modifiers) require a zero-width joiner character No, the skin tone modifiers apply directly to eligible person emojis; no ZWJ is involved. (Unless other modifiers that require ZWJ are also present, such as the gender signs.) https://unicode.org/emoji/charts/full-emoji-modifiers.html https://unicode.org/emoji/charts/full-emoji-modifiers.html