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In fact the Cell CPU [1] had a DMA facility accessible from the SPU cores by non-privileged software [2]. This worked cleanly, as all DMA operations were subje

In fact the Cell CPU [1] had a DMA facility accessible from the SPU cores by non-privileged software [2]. This worked cleanly, as all DMA operations were subject to normal virtual memory paging rules. But then the SPU did not have direct RAM access (only 256 kB of local S-RAM addressible from the CPU instructions), so DMA was something that followed naturally from the general design. Also not having any cache meant there were none of the usual cache coherency problems (though you may run into coherency problems during concurrent DMA to shared memory from multiple SPUs). [edit] note also that the SPUs did not usually do any multitasking / multi-threading, which also simplified handling of DMA. Otherwise task switches would have to capture and restore the whole DMA unit's state (and also potentially all 256 kB of local storage as these cannot be paged). [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(microprocessor) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(microprocessor) [2] https://arcb.csc.ncsu.edu/~mueller/cluster/ps3/SDK3.0/docs/accessibility/sdkpt/cbet_3compintrs.html https://arcb.csc.ncsu.edu/~mueller/cluster/ps3/SDK3.0/docs/a...

Unklejoe 5y ago
> all DMA operations were subject to normal virtual memory paging rules. That's the key right there. Many embedded SoC's I've worked with have DMA engines, but they are all behind the MMU and only work with physical addresses. It makes using them for something like "accelerated memcpy" kind of cumbersome and usually not even worth it unless it's moving HUGE chunks of memory (to overcome the page table walk that you have to do first).
- monocasa 5y ago
  Thankfully we're starting to get IO-MMUs on larger systems with DMA controllers like that. Much easier to pass around.
- dvdkhlng 5y ago
  Well, I recently found the Cortex-M SoCs to be a blessing in that regard: no MMU, no need to run a fully fledged operating system, but still with LwIP, FreeRTOS&friends, they can handle surprisingly complex software tasks, while the lack of MMU and privilege-separation means that all the hardware: DMA-engines, communication interfaces and accelerator facilities (2-D GPU) are right at the tip of your hands.
petermcneeley 5y ago
Tis a real shame we did not see SPU-like cores in later generations. The problem that I saw was that instead of embracing the power of a new architectural paradigm people just considered it weird and difficult. I think had they provided (very slow but) normal path for accessing memory it would have made the situation much more acceptable to nominal developers. The difficulty in adopting the PS3 basically killed the idea of Many-Core as the future for high performance gaming architecture.

Unklejoe 5y ago

> all DMA operations were subject to normal virtual memory paging rules. That's the key right there. Many embedded SoC's I've worked with have DMA engines, but they are all behind the MMU and only work with physical addresses. It makes using them for something like "accelerated memcpy" kind of cumbersome and usually not even worth it unless it's moving HUGE chunks of memory (to overcome the page table walk that you have to do first).

monocasa 5y ago
Thankfully we're starting to get IO-MMUs on larger systems with DMA controllers like that. Much easier to pass around.
dvdkhlng 5y ago
Well, I recently found the Cortex-M SoCs to be a blessing in that regard: no MMU, no need to run a fully fledged operating system, but still with LwIP, FreeRTOS&friends, they can handle surprisingly complex software tasks, while the lack of MMU and privilege-separation means that all the hardware: DMA-engines, communication interfaces and accelerator facilities (2-D GPU) are right at the tip of your hands.

petermcneeley 5y ago

Tis a real shame we did not see SPU-like cores in later generations. The problem that I saw was that instead of embracing the power of a new architectural paradigm people just considered it weird and difficult. I think had they provided (very slow but) normal path for accessing memory it would have made the situation much more acceptable to nominal developers. The difficulty in adopting the PS3 basically killed the idea of Many-Core as the future for high performance gaming architecture.