Not the person your replying too, also don’t live in the Netherlands just fascinated with those bike infrastructure, but my understanding is that this is a hist

Not the person your replying too, also don’t live in the Netherlands just fascinated with those bike infrastructure, but my understanding is that this is a historical quirk that came into existence when smaller mopeds where less common. In Amsterdam it used to be possible to ride mopeds under a certain power on bike paths, and these bikes could be identified by their number plates. Additionally micro cars, that in theory are meant to be accessibility devices for those with physical impairments are still allowed. But this is all slowly going away due to the exact issues you mention. The rise of cheap electric vehicles has meant that occasional fast vehicles sharing generous bike infrastructure has gone from acceptable to frustrating and soon to be dangerous. I think these rules are handled at the city/municipality level. So the rules are different city-to-city in the Netherlands, with some cities changing the rules quicker than others. But the writing is on the wall, cycle lanes in cities will soon be bikes, e-bikes, and more strictly regulated micro cars only in the near future.