The Fachhochschulen are an interesting case. Generally they cwn not grant PhDs and are doing quite limited (if any) research. I think this changed a bit in rece

The Fachhochschulen are an interesting case. Generally they cwn not grant PhDs and are doing quite limited (if any) research. I think this changed a bit in recent years and they are doing more research. That said, they don't really relate to the topic of the article as they would not have had any influence on the German industrialisation, considering that they only exist since the 1960s.