That is still provided by error values or error types. The defining feature of exceptions is that they provide a secondary control flow path, and that control f

That is still provided by error values or error types. The defining feature of exceptions is that they provide a secondary control flow path, and that control flow path automatically flows up the stack until it reaches an explicit catch. With error values/types, control flow happens normally, and the programmer is expected to explicitly branch on the the value using normal control flow constructs.